Optimal multi-site selection for a PV-based lunar settlement based on a novel method to estimate sun illumination profiles

Recently, space organizations have considered the Moon to host lunar bases. Such bases require power and energy to function. However, the efficient and safe use of the energy resources on the Moon is a huge challenge. Space photovoltaic (PV) power systems are appealing technologies due to their maturity and high solar energy availability at some locations on the Moon. The effectiveness of these PV systems depends on their selenographic location, which might necessitate the deployment of energy storage technologies to cover the base’s energy demand. Some analysts have proposed the installation of PV modules on kilometers-tall towers near the lunar poles to harvest more solar energy and limit the need for energy storage systems (ESSs). Alternatively, this paper proposes to harvest the energy from multiple sites in the lunar South Pole region using a novel technique to compute the Sun illumination profile and the LOLA topographic databases to compute the terrain elevations. The proposed algorithm seeks the most optimal configuration of sites and tower heights to minimize the longest night period and total distance between the sites. This study assesses groups of 1 to 6 sites assuming the use of towers having heights of 10, 100, and 500 [m]. The time horizon for the analysis is one Axial Precession Cycle, which is approximately 18.6 years. According to the results, a system of two sites with a separation of 42.05 [km] and towers of 500 [m] height has a maximum darkness period of only 3 [h] while another solution proposes a system of three sites with towers of 10 [m] that removes the need of EES (solar eclipse periods by the Earth are not considered). The proposed technique is suitable for engineering applications, such as base planning and operation management.     

高负荷风扇转子叶片反问题设计

为改进高负荷风扇转子性能,采用了一种工程适用的叶片反问题设计方法。该方法使用粘性CFD与数值优化相结合,适合具有高进口马赫数、高逆压梯度流动特征的高效叶型设计,并应用二维叶型反问题加三维积叠的叶片设计思路,充分继承了已有的基元叶型积叠准则,极大地缩短了计算时间。利用发展的反问题设计平台,完成了叶片的反问题设计。三维数值模拟结果表明:反问题设计的转子叶片能较好地控制转子尖部激波结构,减小激波损失,提高效率,增大稳定裕度。     

Photospheric flows in the active regions (asymmetric and localized Doppler velocities)

We observed 10 active regions through their disk passage during June 25–August 25, 1988, with the Tower Vector Magnetograph (TVM) of Marshall Space Flight Center. The TVM was used in scanning mode to measure the photospheric Doppler velocities with the Line-Center-Magnetogram (LCM) technique in the spectral line of FeI 5250.2 Å. In this paper we present the result of a subset of observations obtained while the active regions were situated away from the solar limb. A wide range of magnetic complexity and associated chromospheric activity characterized these active regions. It was found that the value of zero-crossing wavelength of the integrated Stokes-V profile of two opposite magnetic polarities were different, corresponding to Doppler velocities ranging from ∼100 m s⁻¹ to ∼1475 m s⁻¹. The measurements of relative velocities between different locations, connected by magnetic flux tubes as inferred from YOHKOH soft X-ray and TRACE 171 Å Fe IX images, showed widely different values of dominant localized flows. The region of parasite polarity, which showed recurrent chromospheric activity, was blue shifted with respect to the main “magnetic element” of the same polarity. Some of them were also the sites of sheared magnetic field configuration. The magnitude of the relative velocity between the leading and following polarity is more for the active regions of higher “field asymmetry”.     

二元高超声速进气道的内压段设计

针对二元高超声速进气道,采用不同张度的样条曲线设计内压段肩部型面.在保持二元进气道内压段面积收缩比及喉道面积不变的条件下,通过数值仿真研究了不同内压段长度、下壁面型面样条曲线张度对进气道性能的影响.结果表明:内压段的长度变化对进气道的气动及起动性能有较大影响,当内压段长度与喉道高度比 L/h_t为8.4左右时总压恢复系数较优;采用合适张度的样条曲线代替传统的肩部圆弧过渡,能够提高进气道总压恢复系数,改善进气道起动性能;随着内压段长度增加,其所对应的性能最优样条线张度值不断减小,建议选取样条线张度值为0.80~1.25.      

基于圆弧刀廓的端面滚切锥齿轮啮合接触分析

为改善端面滚切法加工的锥齿轮齿面接触质量,基于奥利康锥齿轮全展成加工方法,对直线刀廓圆弧修形及齿面啮合接触分析进行了研究.首先对圆弧刀廓进行了几何设计,推导出了刀齿切削刃方程.在建立锥齿轮端面滚切加工数学模型的基础上,推导出了被加工齿轮理论齿面方程.研究了刀廓圆弧修形对齿面形状的影响,利用数值方法计算出了齿面修形量.建立了考虑安装误差的齿轮副滚检数学模型,推导出了齿面接触分析简化算法.最后对采用圆弧刀廓加工的一对奥利康锥齿轮进行了啮合分析,结果表明,选取合理的圆弧刀廓半径对齿面修形可以降低边缘接触风险,降低对安装误差的敏感性,改善内对角接触,此外还可以实现对两齿面接触区进行独立修正.      

U型槽对高负荷低压涡轮叶型攻角特性影响

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明:相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.      

基于控制理论的压气机叶型数值优化方法

将基于控制理论的气动优化方法应用于轴流压气机叶型设计.以Euler方程作为流动控制方程,具体推导得出了其相应的伴随方程,分析了边界条件,并给出求解方法.以给定压力分布作为目标函数,将参数化叶型作为设计变量,在求得目标函数对设计变量的梯度信息后,结合BFGS优化算法得到优化方向,更新设计变量完成叶型的优化设计.通过三个算例验证了该叶型优化设计方法的有效性.      

一种大负荷低压涡轮叶型的气动性能

基于Lantry-Menter转捩模型,分别对Zweifel升力系数为1.2的一种大负荷低压涡轮叶型在定常来流不同湍流度、雷诺数条件下,上游非定常、周期性尾迹作用下的流动进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,定常来流低雷诺数条件下,湍流度对该大负荷叶型的气动性能影响较大;上游非定常、周期性尾迹对叶型吸力面分离泡的抑制作用可进一步减小低雷诺数条件下的叶型损失.计算结果揭示了该大负荷叶型在低压涡轮内部真实流动环境中的表面流动及损失特征,对国内现行低压涡轮设计有着较好的启示.      

Usage of pre-flight data in short rendezvous mission of Soyuz-TMA spacecrafts

The paper describes the reduction of the vehicle autonomous flight duration before docking to the ISS. The Russian Soyuz-TMA spacecraft dock to the ISS two days after launch. Due to the limited volume inside Soyuz-TMA the reduction of time until docking to the ISS is very important, since the long stay of the cosmonauts in the limited volume adds to the strain of the space flight. In the previous papers of the authors it was shown that the existing capabilities of Soyuz-TMA, the ISS and the ground control loop make it possible to transfer to the five-orbit rendezvous profile. However, the analysis of the cosmonauts' schedule on the launch day shows that its duration is at the allowable limit and that is why it is necessary to find a way to further reduce the flight duration of Soyuz-TMA before docking to less than five orbits. In a traditional rendezvous profile, the calculation of rendezvous burns begins only after determination of the actual vehicle insertion orbit. The paper describes an approach in which the first two rendezvous burns are performed as soon as the spacecraft reaches the reference orbit and the values of the burns are calculated prior to the launch based on the pre-flight data for the nominal insertion. This approach decreases the duration of the rendezvous by one orbit. The demonstration flight of a Progress vehicle using the proposed profile was implemented on August 1, 2012 and completely confirmed the correctness of the imbedded principles. The paper considers the possible improvements of the proposed approach and recovery from the contingencies.     

对信息检索系统应用技术的数学表示模型的分析

页面表示、用户兴趣模型、页面链接排序是信息检索系统中的关键技术,分析相应的数学模型,并例举在一个智能搜索引擎中的应用,通过动态的更新用户兴趣模型和由此而引起的WEB页面更新,有效地适应用户兴趣的变化。